CMM7XX

Asymmetric Cryptography

Session 4: RSA and Key Management

Learning Objectives

  • Deconstruct the Key Distribution Problem and the Diffie-Hellman solution.
  • Master the mathematical foundation of RSA (Euler's Totient function).
  • Analyze the mathematical advantages of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) over RSA.
  • Evaluate the architecture of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and X.509 standards.
  • Understand the threats posed by quantum computing (Shor's Algorithm).

Part 1: Key Exchange & RSA Mathematics

Duration: 1.5 Hours

15 Minute Break

Please return promptly for Part 2.

Part 2: ECC & Public Key Infrastructure

Duration: 1.5 Hours

Introduction to Task 2

Understanding PKI requires inspecting the actual cryptographic structures used in TLS handshakes.

We will use OpenSSL to deconstruct a live X.509 certificate chain from a major website.

Task 2: PKI Certificate Analysis

Timing: 50 minutes

Open your terminal and run: openssl s_client -connect google.com:443 -showcerts

  1. Extract the primary server certificate block and save it to cert.pem.
  2. Run openssl x509 -in cert.pem -text -noout to decode it.
  3. Identify the Signature Algorithm used (e.g., sha256WithRSAEncryption).
  4. Locate the Subject Alternative Names (SANs). Why are these used instead of just the Common Name (CN)?
  5. Identify the CRL/OCSP URIs. Discuss how browsers use these endpoints to handle certificate revocation.

Summary & Next Steps

  • Asymmetric cryptography solves the key distribution problem but is computationally heavy; it is used to exchange symmetric keys (Hybrid Cryptography).
  • PKI is the backbone of trust on the internet.
Next Week: Hash Functions & Signatures (Message Authentication)